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Alan Lindsay Mackay
Alan Lindsay Mackay FRS is a British crystallographer, born in Wolverhampton on 6 September 1926. He spent his scientific career at Birkbeck College, founded by George Birkbeck, one of the Colleges of the University of London, where he was immersed in a liberal scientific atmosphere under the leadership of John Desmond Bernal. He became a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) on 17 March 1988 and a Fellow of Birkbeck College 〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Fellows of the College )〕 on 2 March 2002. He is also a Fellow of the Mexican Academy of Sciences. Mackay has made important scientific contributions related to the structure of materials: In 1962 he published a manuscript that showed how to pack atoms in an icosahedral fashion; a first step towards five-fold symmetry in materials science.〔Alan L. Mackay, "A dense non-crystallographic packing of equal spheres", Acta Cryst. Vol. 15, 916 (1962).〕 These arrangements are now called Mackay icosahedra. He is a pioneer in the introduction of five-fold symmetry in materials and in 1981 predicted quasicrystals in a paper (in Russian) entitled "De Nive Quinquangula"〔Alan L. Mackay, "De Nive Quinquangula", Krystallografiya, Vol. 26, 910-9 (1981).〕 in which he used a Penrose tiling in two and three dimensions to predict a new kind of ordered structures not allowed by traditional crystallography. In a later manuscript, in 1982, he took the optical Fourier transform of a 2-D Penrose tiling decorated with atoms, obtaining a pattern with sharp spots and five-fold symmetry.〔Alan L. Mackay, "Crystallography and the Penrose Pattern", Physica 114 A, 609 (1982).〕 This brought the possibility of identifying quasiperiodic order in a material through diffraction. Quasicrystals with icosahedral symmetry were found by Dan Shechtman and co-workers in 1984.〔D. Shechtman, I. Blech, D. Gratias, and J. Cahn, "Metallic Phase with Long-Range Orientational Order and No Translational Symmetry". Physical Review Letters 53: 1951 (1984).〕 For his contributions to quasicrystals in 2010 Mackay was awarded the Buckley Prize,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=2010 Oliver E. Buckley Condensed Matter Physics Prize Recipient )〕
of the American Physical Society, with Dov Levine and Paul Steinhardt. The Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded in 2011 to Dan Shechtman for the discovery of quasicrystals.
Mackay has been interested in a generalized crystallography, which can describe not only crystals, but more complex structures and nanomaterials.〔Alan L. Mackay, Comp. & Maths. with Appls. "Generalised Crystallography", Vol. 12B, No 1-2, 21 (1986).〕〔Julyan H. E. Cartwright and Alan L. Mackay, "Beyond crystals: the dialectic of materials and information", Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. A, 28 June 2012 vol. 370 no. 1969, 2807-2822.〕 He has applied his ideas of minimal surfaces to graphitic materials, proposing, with Humberto Terrones, periodic arrangements of carbon atoms with negative Gaussian curvature known as Schwarzites, which are the periodic cousins of Buckminsterfullerenes 〔Alan L. Mackay, & Humberto Terrones, "Diamond from Graphite", Nature, Vol. 352, 762 (1991).〕〔Humberto Terrones & Alan L. Mackay, "The geometry of Hypothetical Curved Graphite Structures", Carbon, Vol. 30, No. 8, 1251 (1992).〕
Mackay has compiled a book of scientific quotations 〔Alan L. Mackay, "A dictionary of scientific quotations", Taylor & Francis, ISBN 978-0750301060 (1991).〕 and has co-authored a book on geometry with Eric Lord and S. Ranganathan.〔Eric A. Lord, Alan L. Mackay, & S. Ranganathan, "New geometries for new materials", Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0521861045 (2006).〕 He has also written a book of poetry 〔Alan L. Mackay, "The floating world of science", Lulu.com (2011).〕 and has translated from the German, with commentaries, Ernst Haeckel's last book "Kristallseelen", (1917). 〔Alan L. Mackay, "Ernst Haeckel and Biological Form", Lulu.com (2007).〕 He produces scientifically inspired visual art under his artistic pseudonym Sho Takahashi.
==References==
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